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S Kumar1*, AJ Jawad al-Gburi2,M Kanaan3, AS Jabur4, MA Jaber5, MT Alqurainy6, MA Aljayashy7, A Alhilli8, M Wahoody9, A Almayaly10, AJ Mirza11, S D’souza12
1Ajanta Pharma, Mumbai, India.
2Al-Mustansiriyah University – College of Medicine, Baghdad, Iraq.
3Sheikh Zayed General Hospital, Baghdad, Iraq.
4Al-Kindi Teaching Hospital, Baghdad, Iraq.
5Al-Mawani teaching hospital, Basra, Iraq.
6Al Sader Teaching Hospital, Basra, Iraq.
7Alhusain Teaching Hospital, Semawa, Iraq.
8Al-Diwaniya Teaching Hospital, Diwaniya, Iraq.
9Babylon Cardiac Cath. Center, Hillah Iraq.
10Karbala Medical College, Karbala, Iraq.
11Sulemani Center for heart disease, Sulaymaniyah.
12Ajanta Pharma, Mumbai, India.
A B S T R A C T
Background: The prevalence of hypertension, a significant public health concern globally, continues to rise, impacting millions of individuals and contributing to millions of deaths each year. Despite advancements in understanding its epidemiology and treatment, blood pressure control rates remain poor worldwide. Aims: This study aims to investigate the relationship between various demographic and lifestyle factors, such as sex, body weight, physical activity, and smoking status, with blood pressure status in individuals newly or previously diagnosed with hypertension. Methods: A cross-sectional study in Baghdad and Iraqi primary healthcare centres (Dec 2022 – Jan 2023) analysed 2,466 adults (≥18 years) with hypertension. Using SPSS version 23.0, chi-square tests assessed correlations between blood pressure and various factors (e.g., sex, BMI, smoking, education, family history), with significance at P < 0.05. Results: The study revealed significant findings regarding the correlation between various factors and hypertension control. Sex (p=0.006), body weight (p=0.0579), smoking status (p=0.014), and diabetes mellitus (p=0.000) were all found to have a direct and statistically significant association with hypertension. Additionally, as the duration from the onset of hypertension increased, blood pressure control became more challenging, with a significant relation noted between duration and comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus, dyslipidaemia, kidney disease, congestive heart failure, and stroke (p<0.0001 each). Conclusions: These results highlight the importance of effectively managing weight, quitting smoking, and implementing comprehensive clinical care for hypertension and its related conditions. They provide insights into factors influencing blood pressure control in the Iraqi population, paving the way for further analysis.
Keywords: Hypertension, Blood pressure control, Body weight, Smoking status, Comorbidities.
