Phytochemical and Antimicrobial screening of various Extracts of Water melon (Citrullus vulgariss L).

Asish Bhaumik*¹, M. Upender Kumar¹, Prasenjit Das², K.Yallareddy³, J. Mastanaiah^4 
1Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Teja College of Pharmacy, Kodad, Nalgonda-508206, Telangana, India.
²Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Regional Institute of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, Abhoynagar, Agartala-799005, Tripura, India.
³Department of Pharmacognosy, Srinivasa Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Proddatur-516361, A.P, India.
⁴Department of Pharmacology, GATE School of Pharmacy, Kodad, Nalgonda-508206, Telangana, India.

Abstract
Water melon (Citrullus vulgariss L) is both a fruit and a vegetable and plant of a vine-like herb. It is one of the most important fruits worldwide because of its high consumption, year round availability and a major contents of health protective bioactive compounds.It consists of  high content of lycopene, vitmin C, vitmin B1, vitmin B6, vitmin A, β-carotene, other phytoconstituents like polyphenols e,g quercetin, kaemferol, naringenin, sugars, aromatic amino acids and sulphur containing amino acids, phytosterols, starch and nutrients e.g P, S, K, Ca, Fe, Mg etc and had good health  protective effects. The objectives of the present work is to search antimicrobial activities. Based on this a new series of constituents had been planned to extract by Ethanol (EL), Chloroform (CM), Acetone (AE), Ethyl acetate (EA) and Ethyl acetoacetate (EAA) from watermelon (endocarp). The in-vitro antimicrobial activity of various extracts of water melon were carried out by using agar diffusion method using bacterial cultures Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 9144),  Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 6633), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853, ) Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) and fungal cultures Aspergillus niger (ATCC 9029), Aspergillus flavus (ATCC 204304),  Candida albicans (ATCC 10231). By observing it was found that most of the extracts executed moderate to good antimicrobial activity against the tested micro-organisms. The extracts were active against all the tested microorganism for anti bacterial activity with range of MIC values for S.aureus ( MIC: 15-39 µg /ml), E.coli ( MIC: 16-38 µg /ml) ,P.aeruginosa ( MIC:15-39 µg /ml) and B.subtilis ( 14-39 µg /ml). The extracts were  active against all the tested microorganism for anti fungal activity  with the range of MIC values for A.niger (MIC :17-39 µg/ml),A.flavus (18-37 µg/ml) and C.albicans (16-35 µg/ml).
Keywords: Citrullus vulgaris L, Phytoconstituents, Lycopene, Anti bacterial Activity, Anti fungal Activity, MIC etc.