A Review on Modern Extraction Techniques for the Determanation of Pesticide Residues in Plant, Soil and Food samples

Shakirbasha. S*, Vijayraj. S, Lohita. M, Edukondalu.T
Department of Pharmaceutical analysis, Sree Vidyanikethan College of Pharmacy, Sree sainath Nagar, A. Rangampet, Tirupathi–517102, Chitoor (Dt), Andhra Pradesh, India.

Abstract
Pesticides are widely utilized during cultivation to protect against pests and in post harvest treatments to prolong storage. During the last years much attention has been directed to control pesticide in plant, soil and food samples. Considering low concentration levels of pesticide residues in plant, soil and food matrices and the determination of these residues often requires extensive sample extraction and purification prior to the analysis. Due to intensive use of pesticides, their residues have become an unavoidable part of the environment, and they are often detected in all environmental segments and therefore their monitoring has been frequently performed throughout the world. As the presence of trace amounts of both pesticide residues and their degradation products could be potential health hazards, United Nation organization has formed specialized groups: World Health Organization (WHO) and Food Agriculture Organization (FAO), with the aim to establish restrictive measures to protect the environment against pollution. These organizations and their experts groups on annual meetings summarize international achievements in pesticides domain, establish legislation and make recommendations obligating member states to act in accordance with international standards. This review provides the information regarding pesticides and there residues in different samples.
Keywords: Pesticides, Harvest, Concentration, Residues, Degradation, Sample Preparation, Pollution etc